jāti

Sanskrit: जाति jāti Pāli: जाति jāti Tibetan: སྐྱེ་བ་ skye ba Thai: ชาติ English: birth

Grammatical information:

From the dhatu jan in the sense of “coming into existence” (janī prādurbhāve) and the kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) or, according to others, ktin

ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) : สันสกฤต: ชาติ อ่าน: ชา-ติ จาก ธาตุ ชนฺ ในแง่ของ "การเกิด" (ชนี ปฺราทุรฺภาเว) และ กฤตฺ-ปฺรตฺยย กฺติจฺ (กฺติจฺกฺเตา จ 3.3.174) หรือจากแหล่งอ้างอิงอื่น กฺตินฺ

Further information: In the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), this follows becoming (bhava) and precedes ageing-dying (jarāmaraṇa). In other context it can refer to a universal/type.

ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม: ในบริบทของ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ชาติเป็นลำดับถัดจาก ภพ(ภว) และตามด้วย ชรามรณะ(ชรามรณ) เป็นลำดับถัดไป ในบริบทอื่นชาติอาจใช้อ้างถึง ความเป็นสากล/ชนิด

Examples:

jātismaratvaṃ pravrajyām ahaṃ ca prāpnuyāṃ sadā | yāvat pramuditāṃ bhūmiṃ mañjughoṣaparigrahāt ||51||

若彼宿命通 出家此恒得 若彼歡喜地 文殊師利住

| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis1 | | sa rab dga’ ba thob bar du | | rtag du tshe rabs dran ba daṅ | | rab du ’byuṅ ba thob par śog |(42) 1. St.630: gis | bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis | | sa rab dga’ ba thob par du | | rtag tu tshe rabs dran pa daṅ | | rab tu byuṅ ba thob par śog |

Puissé-je marcher vers l’état où l’on se souvient des naissances passées, et toujours y demeurer tant que la terre n’est pas réjouie par la grâce accueillante de Mañjugosha.

May I obtain the memory of previous births, and may I attain forever the Level of Delight, by the help of Mañjughoṣa.

(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=119495) ---

pūrvaṃ jātir yadi bhavej jarāmaraṇam uttaram | nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ ||3||

若使先有生 後有老死者 不老死有生 不生有老死

| gal te skye ba sṅa gyur la | | rga śi phyi ma yin na ni | | skye ba rga śi med pa daṅ | | ma śi bar yaṅ skye bar ’gyur |

If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born.

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671) ---

pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate | jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8||

從有而有生 從生有老死 從老死故有 憂悲諸苦惱

| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur | | rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ |

Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain,

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947) ---

MS 4b2-3 ye tubhya dharmaratanena vinīta samyak teṣām akalpana punaḥ satate praśāntā | vaidyottamaṃ maraṇajātijarāntakāriṃ śirasā nato ’smi guṇasāgaram aprameyam || 7 ||

T 474 519c24-25 佛所說法開化人 終已無求常寂然 上智愍度老死畏 當禮法海德無邊 T 475 537c21-22 以斯妙法濟群生 一受不退常寂然 度老病死大醫王 當禮法海德無邊 T 476 558c9-10 以斯妙法濟群生 無思無怖常安寂 度生老死大醫王 稽首無邊功德海

Kg ma 177b7 | khyod kyis dkon mchog chos kyis legs par gaṅ btul ba || de dag rtog pa ma mchis rtag par rab tu źi | | khyod ni skye rga na ’chi mthar ’byin sman pa’i mchog || yon tan rgya mtsho dpag mi laṅ la mgos phyag ’tshal |

Lamotte 11,3-7 Those who are well-disciplined by your precious Law are unruffled and always calm. You are the great Healer who puts an end to birth, olda age and death. You have conquered a great sea of virtues, all homage to you!

(Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=129174) ---

[8] tasya ca kumārasya trīṇi saptakāny ekaviṃśati diva(4)sān vistareṇa jātamātrasya jātimahaṃ kṛtvā nāmadheyaṃ vyavasthāpyate |

gźon nu de’i btsas pa’i btsas ston (175a1) bdun gsum ñi śu rtsa gcig gi bar du rgya cher byas nas grogs po dag

[8] The birth festival was held extensively for three weeks comprising twenty-one days for the boy when he was born. Deciding upon a name saying

(Suvarṇavarṇāvadāna: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138437) ---

tasmāt sadā dhyāna ratāḥ samāhitā hy ātāpino jāti jarānta darśinaḥ | māraṃ sasainyaṃ hy abhibhūya bhikṣavo bhaveta jātī maraṇasya pāragāḥ |1,42|

剃髮爲苾芻 宜應修止觀 魔羅不能伺 度生到彼岸 381 1. =1,42

de ltar rtag tu tiṅ ’dzin la dga’ mñam par źog || brtson pa skyed la skye daṅ rga ba’i mtha’ ma ltos || bdud rnams sde daṅ bcas pa mṅon par zil non la || dge sloṅ dag go skye śi’i pha rol ’gro bar gyis ||1 1. =1,42

41. Give yourselves up then to the unceasing joy of meditation (sambodhi); see the end of birth and age in the birth of diligence; overcome the hosts of Mâra and the Bhixus shall pass beyond birth and death.

(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208333) ---

tasya sattvaviśeṣasya jātau jātikṣayaiṣinaḥ | sācalā pracacālorvī taraṅgābhihateva nauḥ ||

2.52 At the birth of this exceptional being whose mission was the end of re-birth The earth with its immoveable mountains moved, like a boat being battered by waves.

(Aśvaghoṣa - Saundarananda: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=560&mid=1050169) ---

Pāli Vin 1 I,§1,2 p. 1 bhavapaccayā jāti,

Eng Oldenberg from Existence springs Birth,

ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย เพราะภพเป็นปัจจัย จึงมีชาติ

ฉบับสยามรัฐ ภวปจฺจยา ชาติ

(Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407834)