jāti

Sanskrit: जाति jāti
Pāli: जाति jāti
Tibetan: སྐྱེ་བ་ skye ba
Thai: ชาติ
English: birth
Italiano: nascita




Grammatical information:

From the dhatu jan in the sense of “coming into existence” (janī prādurbhāve) and the kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) or, according to others, ktin

ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) :
สันสกฤต: ชาติ อ่าน: ชา-ติ
จาก ธาตุ ชนฺ ในแง่ของ "การเกิด" (ชนี ปฺราทุรฺภาเว) และ กฤตฺ-ปฺรตฺยย กฺติจฺ (กฺติจฺกฺเตา จ 3.3.174) หรือจากแหล่งอ้างอิงอื่น กฺตินฺ




Informazioni grammaticali:

Da dhatu jan nel senso di “venire in esistenza” (janī prādurbhāve) e kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) o, in accordo ad altri, ktin


Further information:
In the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), this follows becoming (bhava) and precedes ageing-dying (jarāmaraṇa).
In other context it can refer to a universal/type.





Ulteriori informazioni:

Nei 12 rami della originazione dipendente (pratītyasamutpāda) questo segue il divenire (bhava) e precede e viene prima, o precede, invecchiare -morire (jarāmaraṇa). In un altro contesto esso si può riferire ad un universale/tipo.



ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม:
ในบริบทของ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ชาติเป็นลำดับถัดจาก ภพ(ภว) และตามด้วย ชรามรณะ(ชรามรณ) เป็นลำดับถัดไป
ในบริบทอื่นชาติอาจใช้อ้างถึง ความเป็นสากล/ชนิด

Examples:


Esempi:


jātismaratvaṃ pravrajyām ahaṃ ca prāpnuyāṃ sadā |
yāvat pramuditāṃ bhūmiṃ mañjughoṣaparigrahāt ||51||

若彼宿命通 出家此恒得
若彼歡喜地 文殊師利住

| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis1 | | sa rab dga’ ba thob bar du |
| rtag du tshe rabs dran ba daṅ | | rab du ’byuṅ ba thob par śog |(42)
1. St.630: gis
| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis | | sa rab dga’ ba thob par du |
| rtag tu tshe rabs dran pa daṅ | | rab tu byuṅ ba thob par śog |

Puissé-je marcher vers l’état où l’on se souvient des naissances passées, et toujours y demeurer tant que la terre n’est pas réjouie par la grâce accueillante de Mañjugosha.

May I obtain the memory of previous births,
and may I attain forever the Level of Delight, by the help of Mañjughoṣa.



Possa io ottenere la memoria delle vite passate e possa io ottenere per sempre il Livello del Diletto con l’aiuto di Mañjughoṣa

(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=119495)
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pūrvaṃ jātir yadi bhavej jarāmaraṇam uttaram |
nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ ||3||

若使先有生 後有老死者
不老死有生 不生有老死

| gal te skye ba sṅa gyur la | | rga śi phyi ma yin na ni |
| skye ba rga śi med pa daṅ | | ma śi bar yaṅ skye bar ’gyur |

If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born.

Se la nascita venisse prima di invecchiamento/morte ci sarebbe nascita senza invecchiamento/morte e anche senza morire uno sarebbe nato.

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671)
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pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate |
jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8||

從有而有生 從生有老死
從老死故有 憂悲諸苦惱

| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur |
| rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ |

Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain,

Il divenire è i cinque aggregati; con il divenire uno nasce. Invecchiamento, morte, tormento, lamenti, dolore,

(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947)
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MS 4b2-3
ye tubhya dharmaratanena vinīta samyak teṣām akalpana punaḥ satate praśāntā |
vaidyottamaṃ maraṇajātijarāntakāriṃ śirasā nato ’smi guṇasāgaram aprameyam || 7 ||

T 474 519c24-25
佛所說法開化人 終已無求常寂然
上智愍度老死畏 當禮法海德無邊
T 475 537c21-22
以斯妙法濟群生 一受不退常寂然
度老病死大醫王 當禮法海德無邊
T 476 558c9-10
以斯妙法濟群生 無思無怖常安寂
度生老死大醫王 稽首無邊功德海

Kg ma 177b7
| khyod kyis dkon mchog chos kyis legs par gaṅ btul ba || de dag rtog pa ma mchis rtag par rab tu źi |
| khyod ni skye rga na ’chi mthar ’byin sman pa’i mchog || yon tan rgya mtsho dpag mi laṅ la mgos phyag ’tshal |

Lamotte 11,3-7
Those who are well-disciplined by your precious Law are unruffled and always calm. You are the great Healer who puts an end to birth, olda age and death. You have conquered a great sea of virtues, all homage to you!

Coloro che sono ben disciplinati con la tua preziosa Legge sono imperturbati e sempre calmi. Tu sei il grande Guaritore che mette fine a nascita, vecchiaia e morte. Tu hai conquistato un grande mare di virtù, tutti gli omaggi a te!

(Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=129174)
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[8] tasya ca kumārasya trīṇi saptakāny ekaviṃśati diva(4)sān vistareṇa jātamātrasya jātimahaṃ kṛtvā nāmadheyaṃ vyavasthāpyate |

gźon nu de’i btsas pa’i btsas ston (175a1) bdun gsum ñi śu rtsa gcig gi bar du rgya cher byas nas grogs po dag

[8] The birth festival was held extensively for three weeks comprising twenty-one days for the boy when he was born. Deciding upon a name saying




[8] La festa per la [sua] nascita fù continuata estensivamente per tre settimane comprendendo ventuno giorni per quando il ragazzo nacque. Decidendone il nome dicendo [...]

(Suvarṇavarṇāvadāna: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138437)
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tasmāt sadā dhyāna ratāḥ samāhitā hy ātāpino jāti jarānta darśinaḥ |
māraṃ sasainyaṃ hy abhibhūya bhikṣavo bhaveta jātī maraṇasya pāragāḥ |1,42|

剃髮爲苾芻 宜應修止觀
魔羅不能伺 度生到彼岸 381
1. =1,42

de ltar rtag tu tiṅ ’dzin la dga’ mñam par źog || brtson pa skyed la skye daṅ rga ba’i mtha’ ma ltos ||
bdud rnams sde daṅ bcas pa mṅon par zil non la || dge sloṅ dag go skye śi’i pha rol ’gro bar gyis ||1
1. =1,42

41. Give yourselves up then to the unceasing joy of meditation (sambodhi); see the end of birth and age in the birth of diligence; overcome the hosts of Mâra and the Bhixus shall pass beyond birth and death.

41. Arrenditi quindi alla incessante gioia della meditazione (sambodhi); guarda la fine di nascita e vecchiaia nella nascita della diligenza; vinci la schiera dei Mâra e i Bhixu passeranno al di là di nascita e morte.

(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208333)
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tasya sattvaviśeṣasya jātau jātikṣayaiṣinaḥ |
sācalā pracacālorvī taraṅgābhihateva nauḥ ||

2.52 At the birth of this exceptional being whose mission was the end of re-birth
The earth with its immoveable mountains moved, like a boat being battered by waves.

2.52 Alla nascita di questo eccezionale essere la cui missione era la fine del ri-nascere la terra, con la sue inamovibili montagne, si mosse come una barca sbattuta dalle onde.

(Aśvaghoṣa - Saundarananda: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=560&mid=1050169)
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Pāli Vin 1 I,§1,2 p. 1
bhavapaccayā jāti,

Eng Oldenberg
from Existence springs Birth,

[...] dall’Esistenza sorge la nascita,

ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย
เพราะภพเป็นปัจจัย จึงมีชาติ

ฉบับสยามรัฐ
ภวปจฺจยา ชาติ

(Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407834)