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Sanskrit: जाति jāti | Sanskrit: जाति jāti<br />Pāli: जाति jāti<br />Tibetan: སྐྱེ་བ་ skye ba <br />Thai: ชาติ<br />English: birth | ||
Pāli: जाति jāti | |||
Tibetan: སྐྱེ་བ་ skye ba | |||
Thai: ชาติ | |||
English: birth | |||
Grammatical information: | Grammatical information: | ||
From the dhatu jan in the sense of “coming into existence” (janī prādurbhāve) and the kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) or, according to others, ktin | From the dhatu jan in the sense of “coming into existence” (janī prādurbhāve) and the kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) or, according to others, ktin | ||
Further information: | ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) : <br />สันสกฤต: ชาติ อ่าน: ชา-ติ<br />จาก ธาตุ ชนฺ ในแง่ของ "การเกิด" (ชนี ปฺราทุรฺภาเว) และ กฤตฺ-ปฺรตฺยย กฺติจฺ (กฺติจฺกฺเตา จ 3.3.174) หรือจากแหล่งอ้างอิงอื่น กฺตินฺ | ||
In the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), this follows becoming (bhava) and precedes ageing-dying (jarāmaraṇa). | |||
In other context it can refer to a universal/type. | |||
Further information:<br />In the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), this follows becoming (bhava) and precedes ageing-dying (jarāmaraṇa). <br />In other context it can refer to a universal/type. | |||
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม:<br />ในบริบทของ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ชาติเป็นลำดับถัดจาก ภพ(ภว) และตามด้วย ชรามรณะ(ชรามรณ) เป็นลำดับถัดไป<br />ในบริบทอื่นชาติอาจใช้อ้างถึง ความเป็นสากล/ชนิด | |||
<br />Examples: | |||
jātismaratvaṃ pravrajyām ahaṃ ca prāpnuyāṃ sadā |<br />yāvat pramuditāṃ bhūmiṃ mañjughoṣaparigrahāt ||51|| | |||
若彼宿命通 出家此恒得<br />若彼歡喜地 文殊師利住 | |||
| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis1 | | sa rab dga’ ba thob bar du |<br />| rtag du tshe rabs dran ba daṅ | | rab du ’byuṅ ba thob par śog |(42)<br />1. St.630: gis<br />| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis | | sa rab dga’ ba thob par du |<br />| rtag tu tshe rabs dran pa daṅ | | rab tu byuṅ ba thob par śog | | |||
Puissé-je marcher vers l’état où l’on se souvient des naissances passées, et toujours y demeurer tant que la terre n’est pas réjouie par la grâce accueillante de Mañjugosha. | Puissé-je marcher vers l’état où l’on se souvient des naissances passées, et toujours y demeurer tant que la terre n’est pas réjouie par la grâce accueillante de Mañjugosha. | ||
(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=119495) | May I obtain the memory of previous births, <br />and may I attain forever the Level of Delight, by the help of Mañjughoṣa. | ||
--- | |||
(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=119495)<br />--- | |||
<br />pūrvaṃ jātir yadi bhavej jarāmaraṇam uttaram |<br />nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ ||3|| | |||
若使先有生 後有老死者<br />不老死有生 不生有老死 | |||
| gal te skye ba sṅa gyur la | | rga śi phyi ma yin na ni |<br />| skye ba rga śi med pa daṅ | | ma śi bar yaṅ skye bar ’gyur | | |||
If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born. | If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born. | ||
(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671) | |||
--- | (Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671)<br />--- | ||
pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate | | <br />pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate |<br />jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8|| | ||
jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8|| | |||
| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur | | 從有而有生 從生有老死<br />從老死故有 憂悲諸苦惱 | ||
| rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ | | |||
| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur |<br />| rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ | | |||
Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain, | Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain, | ||
(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947)<br />--- | |||
<br />MS 4b2-3<br />ye tubhya dharmaratanena vinīta samyak teṣām akalpana punaḥ satate praśāntā |<br />vaidyottamaṃ maraṇajātijarāntakāriṃ śirasā nato ’smi guṇasāgaram aprameyam || 7 || | |||
T 474 519c24-25<br />佛所說法開化人 終已無求常寂然<br />上智愍度老死畏 當禮法海德無邊<br />T 475 537c21-22<br />以斯妙法濟群生 一受不退常寂然<br />度老病死大醫王 當禮法海德無邊<br />T 476 558c9-10<br />以斯妙法濟群生 無思無怖常安寂<br />度生老死大醫王 稽首無邊功德海 | |||
Kg ma 177b7<br />| khyod kyis dkon mchog chos kyis legs par gaṅ btul ba || de dag rtog pa ma mchis rtag par rab tu źi |<br />| khyod ni skye rga na ’chi mthar ’byin sman pa’i mchog || yon tan rgya mtsho dpag mi laṅ la mgos phyag ’tshal | | |||
Lamotte 11,3-7<br />Those who are well-disciplined by your precious Law are unruffled and always calm. You are the great Healer who puts an end to birth, olda age and death. You have conquered a great sea of virtues, all homage to you! | |||
(Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=129174)<br />--- | |||
<br />[8] tasya ca kumārasya trīṇi saptakāny ekaviṃśati diva(4)sān vistareṇa jātamātrasya jātimahaṃ kṛtvā nāmadheyaṃ vyavasthāpyate | | |||
gźon nu de’i btsas pa’i btsas ston (175a1) bdun gsum ñi śu rtsa gcig gi bar du rgya cher byas nas grogs po dag | gźon nu de’i btsas pa’i btsas ston (175a1) bdun gsum ñi śu rtsa gcig gi bar du rgya cher byas nas grogs po dag | ||
[8] The birth festival was held extensively for three weeks comprising twenty-one days for the boy when he was born. Deciding upon a name saying | [8] The birth festival was held extensively for three weeks comprising twenty-one days for the boy when he was born. Deciding upon a name saying | ||
(Suvarṇavarṇāvadāna: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138437)<br />--- | |||
de ltar rtag tu tiṅ ’dzin la dga’ mñam par źog || brtson pa skyed la skye daṅ rga ba’i mtha’ ma ltos || | |||
bdud rnams sde daṅ bcas pa mṅon par zil non la || dge sloṅ dag go skye śi’i pha rol ’gro bar gyis ||1 | <br />tasmāt sadā dhyāna ratāḥ samāhitā hy ātāpino jāti jarānta darśinaḥ |<br />māraṃ sasainyaṃ hy abhibhūya bhikṣavo bhaveta jātī maraṇasya pāragāḥ |1,42| | ||
1. =1,42 | |||
剃髮爲苾芻 宜應修止觀<br />魔羅不能伺 度生到彼岸 381<br />1. =1,42 | |||
de ltar rtag tu tiṅ ’dzin la dga’ mñam par źog || brtson pa skyed la skye daṅ rga ba’i mtha’ ma ltos ||<br />bdud rnams sde daṅ bcas pa mṅon par zil non la || dge sloṅ dag go skye śi’i pha rol ’gro bar gyis ||1<br />1. =1,42 | |||
41. Give yourselves up then to the unceasing joy of meditation (sambodhi); see the end of birth and age in the birth of diligence; overcome the hosts of Mâra and the Bhixus shall pass beyond birth and death. | 41. Give yourselves up then to the unceasing joy of meditation (sambodhi); see the end of birth and age in the birth of diligence; overcome the hosts of Mâra and the Bhixus shall pass beyond birth and death. | ||
(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208333) | |||
--- | (Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208333)<br />--- | ||
<br />tasya sattvaviśeṣasya jātau jātikṣayaiṣinaḥ |<br />sācalā pracacālorvī taraṅgābhihateva nauḥ || | |||
2.52 At the birth of this exceptional being whose mission was the end of re-birth<br />The earth with its immoveable mountains moved, like a boat being battered by waves. | |||
(Aśvaghoṣa - Saundarananda: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=560&mid=1050169)<br />--- | |||
<br />Pāli Vin 1 I,§1,2 p. 1<br />bhavapaccayā jāti, | |||
Eng Oldenberg<br />from Existence springs Birth, | |||
ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย<br />เพราะภพเป็นปัจจัย จึงมีชาติ | |||
ฉบับสยามรัฐ<br />ภวปจฺจยา ชาติ | |||
(Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407834) | (Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407834) | ||
Revision as of 23:29, 9 March 2019
Sanskrit: जाति jāti
Pāli: जाति jāti
Tibetan: སྐྱེ་བ་ skye ba
Thai: ชาติ
English: birth
Grammatical information:
From the dhatu jan in the sense of “coming into existence” (janī prādurbhāve) and the kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) or, according to others, ktin
ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) :
สันสกฤต: ชาติ อ่าน: ชา-ติ
จาก ธาตุ ชนฺ ในแง่ของ "การเกิด" (ชนี ปฺราทุรฺภาเว) และ กฤตฺ-ปฺรตฺยย กฺติจฺ (กฺติจฺกฺเตา จ 3.3.174) หรือจากแหล่งอ้างอิงอื่น กฺตินฺ
Further information:
In the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), this follows becoming (bhava) and precedes ageing-dying (jarāmaraṇa).
In other context it can refer to a universal/type.
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม:
ในบริบทของ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ชาติเป็นลำดับถัดจาก ภพ(ภว) และตามด้วย ชรามรณะ(ชรามรณ) เป็นลำดับถัดไป
ในบริบทอื่นชาติอาจใช้อ้างถึง ความเป็นสากล/ชนิด
Examples:
jātismaratvaṃ pravrajyām ahaṃ ca prāpnuyāṃ sadā |
yāvat pramuditāṃ bhūmiṃ mañjughoṣaparigrahāt ||51||
若彼宿命通 出家此恒得
若彼歡喜地 文殊師利住
| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis1 | | sa rab dga’ ba thob bar du |
| rtag du tshe rabs dran ba daṅ | | rab du ’byuṅ ba thob par śog |(42)
1. St.630: gis
| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis | | sa rab dga’ ba thob par du |
| rtag tu tshe rabs dran pa daṅ | | rab tu byuṅ ba thob par śog |
Puissé-je marcher vers l’état où l’on se souvient des naissances passées, et toujours y demeurer tant que la terre n’est pas réjouie par la grâce accueillante de Mañjugosha.
May I obtain the memory of previous births,
and may I attain forever the Level of Delight, by the help of Mañjughoṣa.
(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=119495)
---
pūrvaṃ jātir yadi bhavej jarāmaraṇam uttaram |
nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ ||3||
若使先有生 後有老死者
不老死有生 不生有老死
| gal te skye ba sṅa gyur la | | rga śi phyi ma yin na ni |
| skye ba rga śi med pa daṅ | | ma śi bar yaṅ skye bar ’gyur |
If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born.
(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671)
---
pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate |
jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8||
從有而有生 從生有老死
從老死故有 憂悲諸苦惱
| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur |
| rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ |
Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain,
(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947)
---
MS 4b2-3
ye tubhya dharmaratanena vinīta samyak teṣām akalpana punaḥ satate praśāntā |
vaidyottamaṃ maraṇajātijarāntakāriṃ śirasā nato ’smi guṇasāgaram aprameyam || 7 ||
T 474 519c24-25
佛所說法開化人 終已無求常寂然
上智愍度老死畏 當禮法海德無邊
T 475 537c21-22
以斯妙法濟群生 一受不退常寂然
度老病死大醫王 當禮法海德無邊
T 476 558c9-10
以斯妙法濟群生 無思無怖常安寂
度生老死大醫王 稽首無邊功德海
Kg ma 177b7
| khyod kyis dkon mchog chos kyis legs par gaṅ btul ba || de dag rtog pa ma mchis rtag par rab tu źi |
| khyod ni skye rga na ’chi mthar ’byin sman pa’i mchog || yon tan rgya mtsho dpag mi laṅ la mgos phyag ’tshal |
Lamotte 11,3-7
Those who are well-disciplined by your precious Law are unruffled and always calm. You are the great Healer who puts an end to birth, olda age and death. You have conquered a great sea of virtues, all homage to you!
(Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=129174)
---
[8] tasya ca kumārasya trīṇi saptakāny ekaviṃśati diva(4)sān vistareṇa jātamātrasya jātimahaṃ kṛtvā nāmadheyaṃ vyavasthāpyate |
gźon nu de’i btsas pa’i btsas ston (175a1) bdun gsum ñi śu rtsa gcig gi bar du rgya cher byas nas grogs po dag
[8] The birth festival was held extensively for three weeks comprising twenty-one days for the boy when he was born. Deciding upon a name saying
(Suvarṇavarṇāvadāna: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138437)
---
tasmāt sadā dhyāna ratāḥ samāhitā hy ātāpino jāti jarānta darśinaḥ |
māraṃ sasainyaṃ hy abhibhūya bhikṣavo bhaveta jātī maraṇasya pāragāḥ |1,42|
剃髮爲苾芻 宜應修止觀
魔羅不能伺 度生到彼岸 381
1. =1,42
de ltar rtag tu tiṅ ’dzin la dga’ mñam par źog || brtson pa skyed la skye daṅ rga ba’i mtha’ ma ltos ||
bdud rnams sde daṅ bcas pa mṅon par zil non la || dge sloṅ dag go skye śi’i pha rol ’gro bar gyis ||1
1. =1,42
41. Give yourselves up then to the unceasing joy of meditation (sambodhi); see the end of birth and age in the birth of diligence; overcome the hosts of Mâra and the Bhixus shall pass beyond birth and death.
(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208333)
---
tasya sattvaviśeṣasya jātau jātikṣayaiṣinaḥ |
sācalā pracacālorvī taraṅgābhihateva nauḥ ||
2.52 At the birth of this exceptional being whose mission was the end of re-birth
The earth with its immoveable mountains moved, like a boat being battered by waves.
(Aśvaghoṣa - Saundarananda: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=560&mid=1050169)
---
Pāli Vin 1 I,§1,2 p. 1
bhavapaccayā jāti,
Eng Oldenberg
from Existence springs Birth,
ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย
เพราะภพเป็นปัจจัย จึงมีชาติ
ฉบับสยามรัฐ
ภวปจฺจยา ชาติ
(Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407834)