jāti

Sanskrit: जाति jāti<brdata-attributes="" />Pāli: जाति jāti<brdata-attributes="" />Tibetan: སྐྱེ་བ་ skye ba <brdata-attributes="" />Thai: ชาติ<brdata-attributes="" />English: birth<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" />Italiano: nascita<brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Grammatical information:<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />From the dhatu jan in the sense of “coming into existence” (janī prādurbhāve) and the kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) or, according to others, ktin<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) : <brdata-attributes="" />สันสกฤต: ชาติ อ่าน: ชา-ติ<brdata-attributes="" />จาก ธาตุ ชนฺ ในแง่ของ "การเกิด" (ชนี ปฺราทุรฺภาเว) และ กฤตฺ-ปฺรตฺยย กฺติจฺ (กฺติจฺกฺเตา จ 3.3.174) หรือจากแหล่งอ้างอิงอื่น กฺตินฺ

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Informazioni grammaticali:

Da dhatu jan nel senso di “venire in esistenza” (janī prādurbhāve) e kr̥t-pratyaya ktic (kticktau ca 3.3.174) o, in accordo ad altri, ktin<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Further information:<brdata-attributes="" />In the 12 limbs of dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda), this follows becoming (bhava) and precedes ageing-dying (jarāmaraṇa). <brdata-attributes="" />In other context it can refer to a universal/type.<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" />

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Ulteriori informazioni:

Nei 12 rami della originazione dipendente (pratītyasamutpāda) questo segue il divenire (bhava) e precede e viene prima, o precede, invecchiare -morire (jarāmaraṇa). In un altro contesto esso si può riferire ad un universale/tipo.<brdata-mce-bogus="1" />

<brclass="mw_emptyline" />ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม:<brdata-attributes="" />ในบริบทของ ปฏิจจสมุปบาท ชาติเป็นลำดับถัดจาก ภพ(ภว) และตามด้วย ชรามรณะ(ชรามรณ) เป็นลำดับถัดไป<brdata-attributes="" />ในบริบทอื่นชาติอาจใช้อ้างถึง ความเป็นสากล/ชนิด<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brdata-attributes="" />Examples:<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" />

Esempi:

<brclass="mw_emptyline" />jātismaratvaṃ pravrajyām ahaṃ ca prāpnuyāṃ sadā |<brdata-attributes="" />yāvat pramuditāṃ bhūmiṃ mañjughoṣaparigrahāt ||51||<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />若彼宿命通 出家此恒得<brdata-attributes="" />若彼歡喜地 文殊師利住<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis1 | | sa rab dga’ ba thob bar du |<brdata-attributes="" />| rtag du tshe rabs dran ba daṅ | | rab du ’byuṅ ba thob par śog |(42)<brdata-attributes="" />1. St.630: gis<brdata-attributes="" />| bdag kyaṅ ’jam dbyaṅs bka’ drin gyis | | sa rab dga’ ba thob par du |<brdata-attributes="" />| rtag tu tshe rabs dran pa daṅ | | rab tu byuṅ ba thob par śog |<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Puissé-je marcher vers l’état où l’on se souvient des naissances passées, et toujours y demeurer tant que la terre n’est pas réjouie par la grâce accueillante de Mañjugosha.<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />May I obtain the memory of previous births, <brdata-attributes="" />and may I attain forever the Level of Delight, by the help of Mañjughoṣa.

Possa io ottenere la memoria delle vite passate e possa io ottenere per sempre il Livello del Diletto con l’aiuto di Mañjughoṣa<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=119495)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />pūrvaṃ jātir yadi bhavej jarāmaraṇam uttaram |<brdata-attributes="" />nirjarā maraṇā jātir bhavej jāyeta cāmṛtaḥ ||3||<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />若使先有生 後有老死者<brdata-attributes="" />不老死有生 不生有老死<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />| gal te skye ba sṅa gyur la | | rga śi phyi ma yin na ni |<brdata-attributes="" />| skye ba rga śi med pa daṅ | | ma śi bar yaṅ skye bar ’gyur |<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />If birth were before and aging/death after, there would be birth without aging/death and also without dying one would be born.

Se la nascita venisse prima di invecchiamento/morte ci sarebbe nascita senza invecchiamento/morte e anche senza morire uno sarebbe nato. <brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119671)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />pañca skandhāḥ sa ca bhavo bhavāj jātiḥ pravartate |<brdata-attributes="" />jarāmaraṇaduḥkhādi śokāḥ saparidevanāḥ ||8||<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />從有而有生 從生有老死<brdata-attributes="" />從老死故有 憂悲諸苦惱<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />| srid pa de yaṅ phuṅ po lṅa | | srid pa las ni skye (3)bar ’gyur |<brdata-attributes="" />| rga śi daṅ ni mya ṅan daṅ | | smre sṅags ’don bcas sdug bsṅal daṅ |<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Becoming is the five aggregates; from becoming one is born. Aging, death, torment, lamentation, pain,

Il divenire è i cinque aggregati; con il divenire uno nasce. Invecchiamento, morte, tormento, lamenti, dolore,<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119947)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />MS 4b2-3<brdata-attributes="" />ye tubhya dharmaratanena vinīta samyak teṣām akalpana punaḥ satate praśāntā |<brdata-attributes="" />vaidyottamaṃ maraṇajātijarāntakāriṃ śirasā nato ’smi guṇasāgaram aprameyam || 7 ||<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />T 474 519c24-25<brdata-attributes="" />佛所說法開化人 終已無求常寂然<brdata-attributes="" />上智愍度老死畏 當禮法海德無邊<brdata-attributes="" />T 475 537c21-22<brdata-attributes="" />以斯妙法濟群生 一受不退常寂然<brdata-attributes="" />度老病死大醫王 當禮法海德無邊<brdata-attributes="" />T 476 558c9-10<brdata-attributes="" />以斯妙法濟群生 無思無怖常安寂<brdata-attributes="" />度生老死大醫王 稽首無邊功德海<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Kg ma 177b7<brdata-attributes="" />| khyod kyis dkon mchog chos kyis legs par gaṅ btul ba || de dag rtog pa ma mchis rtag par rab tu źi |<brdata-attributes="" />| khyod ni skye rga na ’chi mthar ’byin sman pa’i mchog || yon tan rgya mtsho dpag mi laṅ la mgos phyag ’tshal |<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Lamotte 11,3-7<brdata-attributes="" />Those who are well-disciplined by your precious Law are unruffled and always calm. You are the great Healer who puts an end to birth, olda age and death. You have conquered a great sea of virtues, all homage to you!

Coloro che sono ben disciplinati con la tua preziosa Legge sono imperturbati e sempre calmi. Tu sei il grande Guaritore che mette fine a nascita, vecchiaia e morte. Tu hai conquistato un grande mare di virtù, tutti gli omaggi a te!<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Vimalakīrtinirdeśa: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=37&mid=129174)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />[8] tasya ca kumārasya trīṇi saptakāny ekaviṃśati diva(4)sān vistareṇa jātamātrasya jātimahaṃ kṛtvā nāmadheyaṃ vyavasthāpyate |<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />gźon nu de’i btsas pa’i btsas ston (175a1) bdun gsum ñi śu rtsa gcig gi bar du rgya cher byas nas grogs po dag<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />[8] The birth festival was held extensively for three weeks comprising twenty-one days for the boy when he was born. Deciding upon a name saying

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[8] La festa per la [sua] nascita fù continuata estensivamente per tre settimane comprendendo ventuno giorni per quando il ragazzo nacque. Decidendone il nome dicendo [...]<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Suvarṇavarṇāvadāna: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=38&mid=138437)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />tasmāt sadā dhyāna ratāḥ samāhitā hy ātāpino jāti jarānta darśinaḥ |<brdata-attributes="" />māraṃ sasainyaṃ hy abhibhūya bhikṣavo bhaveta jātī maraṇasya pāragāḥ |1,42|<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />剃髮爲苾芻 宜應修止觀<brdata-attributes="" />魔羅不能伺 度生到彼岸 381<brdata-attributes="" />1. =1,42<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />de ltar rtag tu tiṅ ’dzin la dga’ mñam par źog || brtson pa skyed la skye daṅ rga ba’i mtha’ ma ltos ||<brdata-attributes="" />bdud rnams sde daṅ bcas pa mṅon par zil non la || dge sloṅ dag go skye śi’i pha rol ’gro bar gyis ||1<brdata-attributes="" />1. =1,42<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />41. Give yourselves up then to the unceasing joy of meditation (sambodhi); see the end of birth and age in the birth of diligence; overcome the hosts of Mâra and the Bhixus shall pass beyond birth and death.

41. Arrenditi quindi alla incessante gioia della meditazione (sambodhi); guarda la fine di nascita e vecchiaia nella nascita della diligenza; vinci la schiera dei Mâra e i Bhixu passeranno al di là di nascita e morte.<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208333)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />tasya sattvaviśeṣasya jātau jātikṣayaiṣinaḥ |<brdata-attributes="" />sācalā pracacālorvī taraṅgābhihateva nauḥ ||<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />2.52 At the birth of this exceptional being whose mission was the end of re-birth<brdata-attributes="" />The earth with its immoveable mountains moved, like a boat being battered by waves.

2.52 Alla nascita di questo eccezionale essere la cui missione era la fine del ri-nascere la terra, con la sue inamovibili montagne, si mosse come una barca sbattuta dalle onde. <brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Aśvaghoṣa - Saundarananda: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=560&mid=1050169)<brdata-attributes="" />---<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" /><brdata-attributes="" />Pāli Vin 1 I,§1,2 p. 1<brdata-attributes="" />bhavapaccayā jāti,<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />Eng Oldenberg<brdata-attributes="" />from Existence springs Birth,

[...] dall’Esistenza sorge la nascita,<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />ฉบับมหามกุฏราชวิทยาลัย<brdata-attributes="" />เพราะภพเป็นปัจจัย จึงมีชาติ<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />ฉบับสยามรัฐ<brdata-attributes="" />ภวปจฺจยา ชาติ<brclass="mw_emptyline_first" /><brclass="mw_emptyline" />(Pāli Mahāvagga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=820&mid=1407834)