moha
Sanskrit: मोह moha
Pāli: मोह moha
Tibetan: གཏི་མུག་ gti mug
Thai: โมหะ
English: delusion, bewilderment
Italiano: illusione, confusione mentale, ignoranza, stupidità
Grammatical information:
ข้อมูล ไวยากรณ์ (วฺยากรณ) :
สันสกฤต: โมห อ่าน: โม-หะ
Further information:
One of the three mental afflictions (kleśa). These are either listed as rāga, dveṣa, moha, or as lobha, dveṣa, moha (attachment/greed, aversion, delusion).
Sometimes symbolised by a pig, in bhavacakra-type of paintings.
Ulteriori informazioni:
Una delle tre afflizioni mentali (kleśa). Queste sono elencate come rāga, dveṣa e moha o come lobha, dveṣa e moha (attaccamento/avidità, avversione, illusione).
Qualche volta [è] simbolizzata da un maiale nel dipinto del bhavacakra.
ข้อมูลเพิ่มเติม:
หนึ่งในสามของกิเลส กิเลสนั้นสามารถระบุได้ว่าเป็น ราคะ(ราค), โทสะ(ทฺเวษ), โมหะ(โมห) หรือเป็น โลภ, โทสะ(ทฺเวษ), โมหะ(โมห)
บ้างก็ใช้สัญลักษณ์เป็นหมูในภาพวาดประเภท ภวจักร(ภวจกฺร)
Examples:
Esempi:
lobho dveṣaś ca mohaś ca tajjaṃ karmeti cāśubham |
alobhāmohādveṣāś ca tajjaṃ karma ca tac chubham ||20||
| chags daṅ źe sdaṅ gti mug daṅ | | des bskyed las ni mi dge ba |
| ma chags źe sdaṅ gti mug med | | des bskyed las de dge ba yin |
Covetousness, hatred, bewilderment, and karman derived from that are sinful;
absence of covetousness, hatred, bewilderment, and karman derived from that are sinless.
Cupidigia, odio, confusione mentale e karman derivano da ciò che è peccaminoso;
l’assenza di cupidigia, odio, confusione mentale e karman derivano da ciò che è puro.
(Ratnāvalī: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=69&mid=116941)
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vibandhaḥ punar abhūtavastunimittārambaṇamanasikārapūrvikā rāgadveṣamohotpattir anuśayaparyutthānayogāt |
又以何者是所治法。所謂依取不實事相。虛妄分別念。生貪瞋癡結使煩惱。
gegs kyaṅ yaṅ dag pa ma yin pa’i dṅos po rgyu mtshan gyi yul yid la byed pa sṅon du ’gro ba can bag la ñal ba daṅ kun nas ldaṅ ba daṅ ldan pas | ’dod chags daṅ | źe sdaṅ daṅ | gti mug skye’o ||
And ‘bondage’ means the origination of Desire, Hatred and Ignorance preceded by the thought which takes its basis [of cognition] upon the characteristic of unreal things. It is due to the union of the state of tendency with manifested state [of defilement].
E ‘schiavitù’ significa l’originazione di Desiderio, Odio e Ignoranza preceduti dal pensiero che si basa sulla cognizione delle caratteristiche di cose irreali.
Esso è causato dall’unione dello stato di tendenza con lo stato manifesto [delle contaminazioni].
(Ratnagotravibhāga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=61&mid=144263)
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nāśayaty api saṃmohaṃ sādhus tena samaḥ kutaḥ |
kuto vā tādṛśaṃ mitraṃ puṇyaṃ vā tādṛśaṃ kutaḥ ||30||
破壞迷惑因 善哉云何得
親彼善知識 彼福如是得
| gti mug kyaṅ ni sel byed pa | | de daṅ dge mtshuṅs ga la yod |
| de ’dra’i sems kyaṅ ga la yod | | bsod nams de ’dra ’aṅ ga la yod |(30)
| gti mug kyaṅ ni sel byed pa | | de daṅ dge mtshuṅs ga la yod |
| de ’dra’i bśes kyaṅ ga la yod | | bsod nams de ’dra’aṅ ga la yod |
(4)mungqaγ-ud-i ber tarqaγuluγči : (5)tegün-lüge sača buyan qamiγ·a bui :
(6)tere metü sayin nökör ber qamiγ-a bui [:] (7)qamiγ·a bolqui tere metü buyan ber -:- [30]
éclairera leur folie, où trouver semblable bonté, pareil ami, si grande sainteté?
shatter their delusion—whence such a friend, and whence such a holy deed?
[...] distrugge le loro delusioni--da dove verrà un tale amico e da dove verrà una tale santa azione?
(Bodhicaryāvatāra: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=24&mid=118599)
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saṃkalpaprabhavo rāgo dveṣo mohaś ca kathyate |
śubhāśubhaviparyāsān saṃbhavanti pratītya hi ||1||
從憶想分別 生於貪恚癡
淨不淨顛倒 皆從眾緣生
|| ’dod chags źe sdaṅ gti mug rnams | | kun tu rtog las ’byuṅ bar gsuṅs |
| sdug daṅ mi sdug phyin ci log | | brten pa ñid las kun tu ’byuṅ |
It is said that desire, hatred, stupidity arise from conceptuality; they arise in dependence on the pleasant, the unpleasant and confusion. [they arise in dependence on confusion about the pleasant and unpleasant]
E’ detto che desiderio, odio e stupidità sorgono dalla concettualità; essi sorgono in dipendenza dal piacevole, dallo spiacevole e dalla confusione
[Essi sorgono in dipendenza dalla confusione riguardo il piacevole e lo spiacevole].
(Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=27&mid=119848)
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alpam api cet sahitaṃ bhāṣamāṇo dharmasya bhavati hy anudharmacārī |
rāgaṃ ca doṣaṃ ca tathaiva mohaṃ prahāyabhāgī śrāmaṇyārthasya bhavati |4,23|
若聞惡而忍 説行人讃嘆
消除貪瞋癡 彼獲沙門性 221
1. =4,23
gal te rigs bcas ñuṅ du smra byed kyaṅ || chos kyi rjes (3)su chos la spyod pa daṅ ||
’dod chags źe sdaṅ gti mug spoṅ byed pa || de dag dge sbyoṅ skal ba thob pa yin ||
1
1. =4,23
23 (20). He who, though he can only recite a few lines (of the law), walks in the path of the law, and has forsaken passion, anger, and ignorance, he has a share in the priesthood.
23 (20). Colui che, anche potendo recitare solo poche righe (della legge), cammina nel sentiero della legge
e ha abbandonato passione, rabbia e ignoranza, ha una parte nel monachesimo.
(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=71&mid=208400)
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20 (1.20) appampi ce sahitaṃ bhāsamāno
dhammassa hoti anudhammacārī
rāgañca dosañca pahāya mohaṃ
sammappajāno suvimuttacitto
anupādiyāno idha vā huraṃ vā
sa bhāgavā sāmaññassa hoti.
191. (MS 237)apa bi ida sahida bhaṣamaṇa (MS 237-74)dhamasa bhod[i] (MS 237)aṇudha[ma]cari aṇuvad[i]aṇu idha va horo va so bhakava ṣamañathasa bhodi ◦
[291 ≈ Dhp 20, Yamakavaggo] appaṃ pi ce sahitaṃ bhāṣamāno dhammassa hoti anudhammacārī |
rāgaṃ ca doṣaṃ ca prahāya mohaṃ vimuttacitto akhilo akaṃcho |
anupādiyāno iha vā hure vā sa bhāgavā śāmannassa hoti ||
時言少求 行道如法 (16) 除婬怒癡
覺正意解 見對不起 (17) 是佛弟子
20 Pauca quoque si (quis) salutaria loquens secundum legem vitam degit, et cupidinem et odium (et) perturbationem animi relinquens, plane sapiens, cogitatione bene liberata praeditus, nihil appetens vel hic vel illic, is communitatis fit particeps.
20 The follower of the law, even if he can recite only a small portion (of the law), but, having forsaken passion and hatred and foolishness, possesses true knowledge and serenity of mind, he, caring for nothing in this world or that to come, has indeed a share in the priesthood.
20 Il seguace della legge, anche se può recitare solo una piccola porzione (della legge) ma,
avendo abbandonato passione, odio e stupidità, possiede vera conoscenza e serenità della mente
[e] non avendo interesse per questo mondo né per quello a venire, ha di fatto una parte nel monachesimo.
(Dhammapada: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=80&mid=277772)
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251 (18.17) natthi rāgasamo aggi natthi dosasamo gaho
natthi mohasamaṃ jālaṃ natthi taṇhāsamā nadī.
251 Non est cupidini similis ignis, non est odio similis captivitas, non est perturbationi simile rete, non est desiderio similis fluvius.
251 There is no fire like passion, there is no shark like hatred, there is no snare like folly, there is no torrent like greed.
251 Non c’è un fuoco come la passione, non c’è uno squalo come l’odio, non c’è un laccio come la follia e non c’è un torrente come l’avidità.
(Dhammapada: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&view=record&vid=80&mid=278038)
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nāsti kāmasamo hy ogho nāsti doṣasamo grahaḥ |
nāsti mohasamaṃ jālaṃ nāsti tṛṣṭā samā nadī ||
’dod pa lta bu’i ’dam rdzab med || źe sdaṅ lta bu’i gnod med do ||
gti mug lta bu’i rgya med de || sred pa lta bu’i chu kluṅ med ||
(Udānavarga: https://www2.hf.uio.no/polyglotta/index.php?page=record&vid=71&mid=209084)
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{2.4} Ucchedavādo bhavaṃ gotamoti. Atthi khvesa brāhmaṇa pariyāyo
yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā vadamāno vadeyya ucchedavādo samaṇo
gotamoti ahañhi brāhmaṇa ucchedaṃ vadāmi rāgassa dosassa
mohassa anekavihitānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ucchedaṃ
vadāmi ayaṃ kho brāhmaṇa pariyāyo yena maṃ pariyāyena sammā
Vadamāno vadeyya ucchedavādo samaṇo gotamoti no ca kho yaṃ tvaṃ
sandhāya vadesīti.
{๒.๔} อุจฺเฉทวาโท ภวํ โคตโมติ ฯ อตฺถิ เขฺวส พฺราหฺมณ ปริยาโย
เยน มํ ปริยาเยน สมฺมา วทมาโน วเทยฺย อุจฺเฉทวาโท สมโณ
โคตโมติ อหญฺหิ พฺราหฺมณ อุจฺเฉทํ วทามิ ราคสฺส โทสสฺส
โมหสฺส อเนกวิหิตานํ ปาปกานํ อกุสลานํ ธมฺมานํ อุจฺเฉทํ
วทามิ อยํ โข พฺราหฺมณ ปริยาโย เยน มํ ปริยาเยน สมฺมา
วทมาโน วเทยฺย อุจฺเฉทวาโท สมโณ โคตโมติ โน จ โข ยํ ตฺวํ
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TIPITAKA Volume 1 : PALI ROMAN Vinaya Pitaka Vol 1 : Vinaya. Mahāvi (1):
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